Top 5 Historical Sites in Sri Lanka

Sigiriya, often referred to as the “Eighth Wonder of the World,” is a marvel of ancient engineering and artistry. Built in the 5th century AD by King Kashyapa, this colossal rock fortress served as a royal palace and a military stronghold. The king chose the site to protect himself from potential invasions and to display his grandeur. Surrounded by lush gardens and intricate water systems, Sigiriya is a testament to advanced urban planning of its time.

The rock’s summit, accessible by a series of steep staircases, once housed the king’s palace. Today, visitors can marvel at the remnants of these structures and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. The rock also features stunning frescoes, the Mirror Wall inscribed with ancient graffiti, and the iconic Lion’s Paw entrance. After King Kashyapa’s reign, the site became a Buddhist monastery until the 14th century.

Sigiriya is located in the Matale District of the Central Province. It can be reached via bus or private transport from Dambulla or Colombo. The best time to visit is early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat. Entry tickets cost around $30 for foreigners and significantly less for locals. Visitors are advised to wear comfortable shoes, carry water, and prepare for a moderately challenging climb.

Anuradhapura, the ancient capital of Sri Lanka, is a city of immense historical and spiritual significance. Established in the 4th century BC by King Pandukabhaya, it served as the heart of Sri Lanka’s political and religious life for over a millennium. This sprawling city is home to some of the oldest surviving Buddhist structures, including stupas, monasteries, and the sacred Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi tree, believed to have grown from a cutting of the original Bodhi tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment.

The city’s layout reflects meticulous urban planning, with vast reservoirs like the Abhayagiri and Thuparama stupas standing as symbols of both architectural and spiritual achievement. Despite its abandonment in the 11th century due to repeated invasions, Anuradhapura remains a revered pilgrimage site.

Located in the North Central Province, Anuradhapura is accessible by train, bus, or private car from Colombo. Exploring the site on a bicycle is a popular choice among visitors. The best time to visit is between April and September during the dry season. Entry tickets for foreigners are priced at around $25, while locals pay a nominal fee. Modest clothing is recommended as many sites are still active places of worship.

Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a city that showcases the height of Sri Lanka’s medieval architecture and cultural achievements. Established in the 11th century AD, it became the second capital after Anuradhapura under King Vijayabahu I. However, it was under the reign of King Parakramabahu I that Polonnaruwa reached its zenith, with grand palaces, intricate carvings, and vast irrigation systems like the Parakrama Samudra reservoir.

The city’s ruins are remarkably well-preserved, offering visitors a glimpse into the past. Highlights include the Gal Vihara statues, a series of stunning rock carvings depicting the Buddha, and the Royal Palace. Polonnaruwa remained an active center until the 13th century when it was abandoned following invasions.

Situated near Sigiriya, Polonnaruwa can be easily accessed by car or bus. Exploring the site by bicycle is a delightful way to take in the history. The dry season from May to September is the ideal time to visit. Tickets for foreigners are priced at around $25, with reduced rates for locals. Sunscreen, water, and comfortable clothing are essential for a day of exploration.

Galle Fort, a living heritage site, is a unique blend of European and South Asian architectural styles. Originally built by the Portuguese in 1588, the fort was later fortified by the Dutch in the 17th century. It served as a strategic maritime hub and a protective barrier against invasions. Today, Galle Fort is a thriving cultural and commercial area, housing shops, museums, and restaurants within its historic walls.

Walking through the cobblestone streets, visitors can admire the Dutch Reformed Church, the Old Gate, and the Maritime Archaeology Museum. The fort’s ramparts offer stunning views of the ocean, particularly during sunset. Despite its historical significance, the fort remains a vibrant part of Galle’s modern identity.

Galle Fort is located in the Southern Province and is easily reachable by train or bus from Colombo. The best time to visit is during the dry season from November to April. Entry to the fort is free, although some museums may charge a small fee. Comfortable footwear is recommended for exploring the area.

The Dambulla Cave Temple, also known as the Golden Temple of Dambulla, is a sacred Buddhist site that dates back to the 1st century BC. King Valagamba sought refuge in these caves during his exile and later transformed them into a temple as a gesture of gratitude. The temple complex comprises five caves adorned with vibrant murals and over 150 statues of the Buddha.

This UNESCO World Heritage Site continues to be an active place of worship, attracting pilgrims and tourists alike. The largest cave, known as the Temple of the Great King, features a magnificent reclining Buddha statue and intricately painted ceilings.

Located near Sigiriya, the Dambulla Cave Temple is easily accessible by car or bus. Visitors must climb a short series of steps to reach the caves, making early morning or late afternoon visits preferable. Entry costs around $10 for foreigners and a small fee for locals. Modest attire is required, and visitors should carry water for the climb.